Exploring Cusco: Altitude Sickness Prevention Guide

Cusco sits at an elevation of approximately 3,400 meters (11,152 feet) above sea level. This Cusco altitude places it among the highest major cities in the world, a factor that contributes to its unique climate and environment. While the altitude offers stunning views and a chance to experience a different way of life, it also presents challenges for those not accustomed to such heights. Many travelers experience altitude sickness Cusco symptoms during their first days in the city. Below is a simple explanation of altitude sickness.

🧐 Did You Know?

“Over 50% of first-time travelers to Cusco feel altitude sickness within 24 hours due to its 3,400m elevation—rest and hydration help ease the effects.”

Understanding Cusco Altitude and Its Effects on Your Health

1. The Impact of High Altitude on the Body

Cusco plaza near start of Inca Trail Cusco to Machu Picchu

At higher altitude, the atmospheric pressure is significantly lower than at sea level, which means there is less oxygen available. This can make physical activities more strenuous and require your body to work harder to maintain normal function. The heart and lungs need to adjust, which can lead to various symptoms commonly associated with Cusco altitude sickness as your body acclimatizes.

2. Altitude Sickness: A Common Challenge

Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when your body struggles to adapt to the lower oxygen pressure at high elevations. It is a common challenge faced by travelers who ascend too quickly to high altitudes without giving their bodies time to adjust. Understanding the condition, its symptoms, and effective Cusco altitude sickness prevention strategies is crucial for a safe and enjoyable trip.

3. Symptoms of Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness symptoms can range from mild to severe and typically include:

  • Headache: Often the first sign of altitude sickness, it can vary from mild to severe.
  • Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms can affect your appetite and hydration levels.
  • Dizziness and Lightheadedness: This can make simple tasks feel more challenging.
  • Fatigue: A general feeling of tiredness that can limit your ability to enjoy activities.
  • Shortness of Breath: Even mild exertion can leave you breathless.
  • Loss of Appetite: A decreased desire to eat, which can impact your energy levels.
  • Difficulty Sleeping: Sleep disturbances are common at high altitudes.
  • Severe situations high altitude pulmonary edema can be caused.
  • Conditions of high blood pressure can complicate the situation.

While most cases of altitude sickness are mild, it’s essential to recognize the symptoms early and take preventive measures to avoid more serious life threatening complications.

Tips for Preventing Altitude Sickness in Cusco

Preventing altitude sickness involves a combination of planning, lifestyle adjustments, and sometimes medical intervention. Here are some strategies to help you acclimatize to Cusco’s high altitude.

1. Gradual Ascent

One of the most effective ways to prevent altitude sickness is to ascend gradually. If possible, plan your itinerary to include a few days at a moderate elevation before heading to Cusco. Cities like Lima or Arequipa provide excellent opportunities to acclimatize. This gradual ascent allows your body to slowly adjust to the lower oxygen levels, reducing the risk of severe symptoms. If your goal is to reach Machu Picchu, staying a few days in Cusco’s Sacred Valley is key to give your body more time to adapt before having your train experience.

2. Stay Hydrated

Dehydration can exacerbate the symptoms of altitude sickness Cusco travelers often face, so it’s crucial to drink plenty of water before and during your stay in Cusco. Staying well-hydrated helps your body cope with the stress of high altitude. It’s also helpful to avoid alcohol and caffeine, as they can contribute to dehydration. Instead, focus on water and herbal teas to maintain optimal hydration levels.

3. Coca Leaves and Tea

cusco altitude sickness prevention

Coca leaves have been used by the indigenous people of the Andes for centuries to combat the effects of high altitude. Chewing coca leaves or drinking coca tea can help alleviate symptoms and improve your body’s ability to acclimate. This traditional remedy is widely available in Cusco, and many travelers find it to be an effective way to mitigate altitude sickness.

4. Rest and Take It Easy

Give your body time to adjust by taking it easy during your first couple of days in Cusco. Avoid strenuous activities and get plenty of rest to help your body adapt to the altitude. Plan low-key activities and allow yourself to relax and enjoy the surroundings at a slower pace. This approach not only aids acclimatization but also enhances your overall experience.

5. Medication

Consider consulting with a healthcare professional about medications that can aid in acclimatization. Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a common prescription medication that can help prevent and reduce the symptoms of altitude sickness 24 hours before. It’s important to discuss any potential side effects and determine the appropriate dosage for your needs. Some travelers also find relief using over-the-counter pain relievers for headaches.

What to Do If You Experience Altitude Sickness

altitude sickness

Despite your best efforts, you may still experience symptoms of altitude sickness. If you do, it’s crucial to take them seriously. Here’s what you can do:

1. Rest: Give Your Body Time to Recover

Allow your body time to recover by resting and avoiding physical exertion. Rest is an essential part of the recovery process, as it allows your body to focus on acclimatization. Listen to your body’s signals and prioritize relaxation over adventure during this period.

2. Hydrate: Maintain Fluid Levels

Continue to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. Hydration is key to helping your body cope with the symptoms of altitude sickness. In addition to water, consider electrolyte-rich drinks to replenish lost minerals and support your body’s recovery.

3. Descend: Seek Lower Altitude Relief

If symptoms persist or worsen, consider descending to a lower altitude until you feel better. Even a small descent can significantly improve symptoms. This temporary measure allows your body to recover in an environment with more oxygen, providing relief from severe symptoms.

4. Seek Medical Attention: Prioritize Health

In severe cases, seek medical attention immediately. Cusco altitude sickness can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Depending on the medical condition, professionals can provide supplemental oxygen therapy and other treatments to alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications. Don’t hesitate to seek help if you’re concerned about your symptoms.

Enjoying Your Time in Cusco

Cusco city view with mountains linked to altitude sickness

Once you’ve acclimated, you’ll be ready to explore all that Cusco has to offer. From the stunning architecture of the Plaza de Armas to the vibrant markets and historic ruins, there’s no shortage of things to see and do.

1. Must-Visit Attractions in Cusco

There are plenty of beautiful  attractions in Cusco  that showcase its rich history and culture. Some must-visit sites include:

  • Sacsayhuamán: An impressive Inca fortress with panoramic views of the city. This architectural marvel offers insight into the engineering prowess of the Inca civilization.
  • Qorikancha: Once the richest temple in the Inca Empire, now a fascinating blend of Inca and colonial architecture. The site provides a unique glimpse into Cusco’s layered history.
  • San Pedro Market: Immerse yourself in local culture and sample traditional Andean foods. This bustling market is a feast for the senses and a chance to engage with locals.
  • Rainbow Mountain: A spectacular natural wonder that offers an unforgettable hiking experience. The vibrant colorful mountains and breathtaking views make it a highlight for nature enthusiasts.

2. Capturing the Beauty of Cusco

For photographers, Cusco provides endless opportunities to capture stunning landscapes and vibrant cultural scenes. Be sure to explore both the well-known sites and the hidden gems to create a diverse and captivating portfolio. Whether you’re a professional photographer or an amateur enthusiast, Cusco’s unique charm is sure to inspire. Getting used to the altitude will benefit you, whether you want to take on adventures like the Inca Trail Cusco to Machu Picchu, visiting the Humantay lake, or climbing Ausangate Mountain. These are considerable heights that require physical effort and altitude adaptation.

Breathe Easy and Enjoy Every Step in Cusco

Cusco is a city like no other, offering a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Due to the Cusco altitude, it’s important to take necessary precautions to prevent altitude sickness so you can fully enjoy your time in this remarkable destination. Remember, acclimatization is key, so take it slow, stay hydrated, and embrace the adventure that awaits in the Peruvian highlands.

With these tips in mind, you’re ready to embark on your journey to Cusco with confidence. Enjoy your travels, and may your experiences in the Andes be as breathtaking as the landscapes themselves. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Cusco Altitude Sickness Prevention

1. What is Cusco altitude sickness and why does it occur?

Cusco altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs due to the city’s high elevation of 3,400 meters (11,152 feet). At this altitude, the oxygen level is significantly lower than at sea level, making it harder for the body to adapt quickly, especially if ascending without acclimatization.

2. How can I prevent altitude sickness when visiting Cusco?

Cusco altitude sickness prevention includes gradual ascent, staying hydrated, avoiding alcohol, resting, consuming coca tea, and using medications like acetazolamide (Diamox). Taking it easy on your first days and allowing your body time to acclimate can greatly reduce the risk of symptoms.

3. What are the most common symptoms of altitude sickness in Cusco?

Common symptoms of altitude sickness in Cusco include headaches, nausea, dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of appetite, and trouble sleeping. In severe cases, symptoms can escalate to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), requiring medical attention.

4. Is it safe to visit Rainbow Mountain or do the Inca Trail while adjusting to Cusco altitude?

It’s best to allow a few days for Cusco altitude acclimatization before tackling physically demanding activities like Rainbow Mountain or the Inca Trail. These excursions take you to even higher elevations, so proper adjustment is key to safety and enjoyment.

5. What should I do if I start experiencing severe altitude sickness in Cusco?

If symptoms worsen despite rest and hydration, descend to a lower altitude and seek medical attention immediately. Clinics in Cusco can provide oxygen therapy and other treatments. Taking symptoms seriously is crucial for a safe and healthy experience.